Mammography is an imaging test that uses low-dose X-rays to examine the breast. It is widely used as a screening tool for breast cancer and also as a diagnostic tool when symptoms such as lumps or pain are present.

There are two main types:

• Screening Mammography – done routinely to check for breast cancer in women with no symptoms.
• Diagnostic Mammography – performed when there are breast changes like lumps, pain, or unusual discharge.

The process is simple and quick:

1. The breast is placed on a flat surface of the mammography machine.
2. A plate gently compresses the breast to spread out the tissue.
3. Low-dose X-rays capture detailed images from different angles.
4. A radiologist reviews the images for abnormalities.

The compression may cause slight discomfort but lasts only a few seconds.

Mammography plays a crucial role in women’s health:

• Early detection: Can identify cancer up to 2 years before a lump can be felt.
• Increased survival rates: Women who detect breast cancer early have a much higher chance of successful treatment.
• Monitoring high-risk women: Especially those with a family history of breast cancer.
• Guiding treatment: Helps doctors plan surgery, biopsies, or further tests.

📊 According to the World Health Organization, early detection through mammography reduces breast cancer mortality by nearly 20–40%.

Guidelines vary, but most experts recommend:

• Women aged 40–49: Discuss with your doctor based on personal and family history.
• Women aged 50–74: Routine mammogram every 1–2 years.
• High-risk women (family history, BRCA gene mutation, previous chest radiation): May need earlier and more frequent screening.